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This post provides a complete answer explanation for IELTS Academic Reading: Healthy Bacteria– Passage 2 Test 2 from the official IELTS Academic Volume 2 by IDP. Each answer is explained step by step, showing how keywords are paraphrased and where the correct information appears in the text. It also includes difficult vocabulary with meanings, synonyms, and examples, helping you improve both reading accuracy and vocabulary for a higher band score.
Questions 14-20: Choose the correct heading
14 Paragraph B, Answer: iii
Keywords:bowel fuction = digestive = digestive tract
Answer Location: Paragraph B, last few Lines, Studies carried out on the effects of lactic acid bacteria have shown reduced severity of consumptionand improved bowel function in otherwise healthy people.
15. Paragraph C, Answer: vi
Keywords: benefit beyond, in addition to benefits,
Answer Location: Paragraph C, Lines 1-4, in addition to benefits to the digestive system, probiotics can improve other aspects of our health. Bacterial cultures, yoghurt starter cultures and probiotic cultures are known to improve lactose digestionfor people suffering from intolerance to dairy products
( In the whole paragraph, its explaned itsalso benifits other problems, such as bacterial cultures and even some skin diseases)
16. Paragraph D, Answer: x
Keywords: trend, market
Answer location: Paragraph D, lines 3-7. This trend can be seen in the U.S., where is a fast -growing market for plant-based dietary supplements.In addition, some Asian diets include relatively few dairy-based foods, with plant-based foods making up the majority of the daily intake.
17. Paragraph E, Answer: v
Keywords: alternatives
Answer Location: Paragraph E, lines 3-6, Not only are cereal grains an important source of protein , carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and fibre, but they also act as prebiotics, that is, they stimulate the growth of the lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria already present in the gut.
18. Paragraph F, Answer: i
Keywords: tradition, World= Bulgalia, Albania, Uganda , Mexico)
Answer Location: Paragraph F, Lines 1- 8 . Its explained that types of beverage such as Boza, Bushera and Pozol culture found in different countries from Europe to Africa and North America.
19. Paragraph G, Answer: ix
Keyword: commercial, being developed
Answer Location: Paragraph G, Lines, Fruit-juice-based functional beverage ( drinks that provide aspecific health benefit),fortified with probiotic ingredients, are being developed by a number of commercial food manufacturers.
20. Paragraph H, Answer: iv
Keywords: future, development of
Answer Location: Paragraph H, lines 5-8, We can expect a wider range of probiotic drinks in the future,there is genuine interest in the development of non-dairy-based fuctional beverage withprobiotics
Because they serve as a healthy alternative to dairy, probiotics are cholesterol-free and can be enjoyed by lactose-intolerant consumers.
Questions 21-26: Match the products
21. have long-established use, Answer: A
Keywords: long, established
Answer location: Paragraph D, Line 1, While most probiotic foods available today are milk- based,
( this lines explain that dairy based probiotic is established since long because recently people sifting their choices towords plant based probiotics)
22. lessen lactose intolerance, Answer: C
Keywords: lessen, lactose intolerance
Answer location: Paragraph C, lines bactorial culturesmyoghurt starter cultures and probiotic cultures are known to improve lactose digestion for people suffering from intolerance to dairy products.
Paragraph D, lines. In addition, some Asian diets include relatively few dairy-based foods, with plant-vased foods making up the majority of the daily intake. This means that lactose intolerance is more common among Asian people which may further discourage the consumption of dairy products.
23. promote longer life expectancy. Answer: A
Keywords:logetivity =life expectancy
Answer Location: Paragraph A, Lines. It has been suggested that the longevity seen in some European societies may be related to the high intake of fermented milk.
(Line suggests that because of conumption of milk based probiotic in some European societies people lived longer.)
24. Provide the benefits of lactic acid. Answer: B
Keywords: benefits
Answer location: Paragraph F, lines, Boza a beverage consumed in Bulgaria, Albania, Turkey and Romania, is made from wheat, rye, maize and other cerealmixed with sugar. An analysis of Bulgarian boza shows that it mainly consists of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria.
25. are compatible with existing diets., Answer: B
Keywords: existing diets
Answer location: Paragraph E, Some lactobacille require a fermented carbohydrate in order to grow and the fermentation of cereal grains may be a cheap way to obtain prebiotics that promote gut health.
26. are produced in appealing flavours., Answer.:B
Keywords: flavour, produced
Answer Location: Paragraph G, Lines, Fruit-based functional beverages ( drinks that provide a specific health benefit) fortified with probiotic ingredient are being developed by a number of commercial food manufacturers.
Related Posts: How much do you really know? Test 2 passage 1
Hard Vocabulary used in the Passage: Healthy bacteria
Probiotics
Meaning: Probiotics are live beneficial bacteria that improve digestion and support gut health.
Synonyms: beneficial bacteria, good bacteria, friendly microbes
Example: Probiotics are often added to yoghurt to help maintain a healthy digestive system.
IELTS Paraphrase Words: helpful bacteria, health-promoting microbes, digestive bacteria
Microorganism
Meaning: A microorganism is a very small living organism that cannot be seen without a microscope.
Synonyms: microbe, tiny organism, microscopic life form
Example: Some microorganisms play a vital role in human digestion.
IELTS Paraphrase Words: microscopic organism, small living organism, microbe
Microbial
Meaning: Microbial refers to anything related to microorganisms.
Synonyms: bacterial, microscopic, germ-related
Example: Microbial activity is essential in the production of fermented foods.
IELTS Paraphrase Words: related to bacteria, involving microbes, bacterial in nature
Fermentation
Meaning: Fermentation is a natural process in which bacteria convert sugar into acids or gases.
Synonyms: natural processing, biochemical breakdown, food culturing
Example: Fermentation is used to produce foods such as yogurt and cheese.
IELTS Paraphrase Words: natural chemical process, bacterial breakdown, food processing method
Strain
Meaning: A strain is a specific type or variation of a microorganism.
Synonyms : type, variety, subtype
Example: Different strains of bacteria have different health benefits.
IELTS Paraphrase Words: specific type, particular variety, bacterial form
Alleviate
Meaning: To alleviate means to make something less severe or easier to tolerate.
Synonyms: reduce, relieve, ease
Example: Probiotics can help alleviate digestive discomfort.
IELTS Paraphrase Words: lessen, decrease, ease symptoms
Therapeutic
Meaning: Therapeutic means related to treatment or healing.
Synonyms: medicinal, healing, curative
Example: Certain bacteria are believed to have therapeutic effects.
IELTS Paraphrase Words: medically beneficial, treatment-related, health-improving
Gut
Meaning: The gut refers to the digestive tract, especially the stomach and intestines.
Synonyms: digestive system, intestines, stomach
Example: A balanced diet supports a healthy gut.
IELTS Paraphrase Words: digestive system, intestinal system, digestive tract
Bowel Function
Meaning: Bowel function refers to how effectively the intestines process and remove waste.
Synonyms: digestive movement, intestinal activity
Example: Fibre-rich foods improve bowel function.
IELTS Paraphrase Words: intestinal performance, digestive efficiency, gut activity
Lactose
Meaning: Lactose is a natural sugar found in milk and dairy products.
Synonyms: milk sugar, dairy sugar
Example: Milk contains lactose, which some people find difficult to digest.
IELTS Paraphrase Words: milk-based sugar, dairy carbohydrate
Intolerance
Meaning: Intolerance is the inability to digest or react normally to certain foods or substances.
Synonyms: sensitivity, inability to process
Example: Food intolerance can cause stomach discomfort.
IELTS Paraphrase Words: difficulty digesting, adverse reaction, sensitivity
Fortified
Meaning: Fortified means having extra nutrients added to food.
Synonyms: enriched, enhanced, supplemented
Example: Some dairy products are fortified with vitamins.
IELTS Paraphrase Words: nutrient-enriched, enhanced with nutrients, supplemented
Lactose Intolerant
Meaning: Lactose intolerant describes people who cannot properly digest lactose.
Synonyms:milk-sensitive, unable to digest dairy sugar
Example: Lactose-intolerant individuals often avoid milk products.
IELTS Paraphrase Words: unable to digest lactose, sensitive to dairy, milk-intolerant
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