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Droughts in Europe IELTS reading Answer Explanation & hard Vocabulary ( IELTS Academic Vol 2 Test 3 Passage 2)
14. How limitations on water use have changed. Answer F
Keywords: available water, fallen, average amount
Answer Location: Paragraph F, Lines 4-5, She pointed out that the average amount of available water had fallen by 12% since 1980, with a further drop of between 14% and 40% predicted by 2050.
(This line clearly explains the change in the average use of water, which has fallen significantly and will continue to drop in the future )
15. How the drought is affecting manufacturing. Answer B
Keywords: drought, affect, manufacturing
Answer location: Paragraph B, Lines. The whole paragraph explains how draght affect manufacturing industry. For example, how nuclear power plants reduce their output because of a lack of water to cool their reactor in France. How low water level affect the transport of coal and petrol in Germany and the Netherlands?
16. A predict of an ecological disaster. Answer D
Keywords: predict, ecological disaster
Answer Location: Paragraph D, lines 6-8, He added that, without significant rain, the river would continue to empty, and all the fish would die. Couasne explained that the fish are trapped upstream and downstream.
( Jean -Philleppe Couasne predicts that if the present situation continues, there won't be enough water to survive, and fish would die .)
17. The need to change attitudes and behaviour. Answer G
Keywords: change, attitude, and behaviour
Answer location: Paragraph G, lines 1-2, Niko Wanders of the University of Utrecht, too, suggests that European will have to become more aware of drought and ways to cope with it.
18. Present and future impact on the leisure industry. Answer C
Keywords: impact, tourism,
Answer location: Paragraph C, last few lines, Clare Weedon of Brighton University points out that just as European river cruises are increasing in popularity, they are being threatened
by drought. She predicts this may have a detrimental effect on this form of tourism.
19. What often happens after a drought? Answer F
Keywords: typically followed by = often happens after..
Answer location: Paragraph F, lines 1-3, Spain's environment minister, Teresa Ribera, warned of the inescapable reality of a climate emergency, saying the country had to be prepared for longer periods of drought, which are typically followed by flooding.
Questions 20-23: Complete the summary
20. Answer G
Keywords: across continent, affected, fuel water
Answer Location: Paragraph B, lines 1-4, Energy supplies across the continent were also affected. In France, nuclear power plants had to reduce their output because there wasn't enough water to cool their reactors. Water levels on the river Rhine in Germany and the Netherlands made it challenging to transport coal and petrol by boat.
21. Answer H
Keywords: raising, cost up to, moving goods, transport
Answer Location: Paragraph B, Lines 4- 7 , Many barges, which carry both fuel and vital raw materials for Industrial giants such as steelmaker Thyssen and chemical company BASF are already operating at about 25% capacity, raising shipping costs up to fivefold.
22. Answer E
Keywords: had to stop, rely on
Answer Location: Paragraph B, Lines 8-9, Norway had to stop exporting power due to its reduced ability to generate hydropower.
23. Answer B
Keywords: cruise ship, negative impact, ship owners
Answer Location: Paragraph C, last few lines, Clare Weedon of Brighton University points out that just as European river cruises are increasing in popularity, they are being threatened by drought. She predicts this may have a detrimental effect on this form of tourism.
Question 24- 27 Multiple Choice Questions
24. 'A perfect storm of conditions' refers to: Answer C
Keywords: insufficient rain, high temperature
Answer location: Paragraph A, lines 2-4, Aal across the continent, rivers and reservoirs ran dry. The winter had seen inadequate rainfall, and then there were a series of heatwaves through the summer months. Simon Parry of the UK centre of Ecology and Hydrology called it a perfect storm of conditions.
25.Jean-Phillippe Couasne' suggests that: Answer B
Keywords: Jean-Phillippe Couasne'lack of water, oxygen decreasing.
Answer Location: Paragraph D, Lines last few lines, couasne explained that the fish are trapped upstream and downstream. As there is no water coming in, oxygen level will keep decreasing
as the water volume goes down, leaving fish unable ti survive.
26. Christopher Bechu: Answer D
Keywords: Christopher Bechu, action, government
Answer Location: Paragraph E, lines, last few lines , ...........people in four southern regions have been barred from filling swimming pools or washing their cars, while farmers must cut their water consumption by up to half.
27. Niko Wanders describes: Answer C
Keywords: Niko Wanders, need for change, attitude
Answer location: Paragraph G, Lines Niko Wanders of the University of Utrecht, too, suggests that European will have to become more aware of drought and ways to cope with it.........He also suggests ............. Clearly education in water conservation is urgently needed as drought and long periods
of recovery from them are likely to be the new normal.
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Hard Vocabulary from the Passage: Drought in Europe
1. Reservoir
Meaning: A large natural or artificial lake used to store water for public use.
Synonyms: water storage, artificial lake, water supply source, basin
Example Sentence: Water levels in major reservoirs dropped significantly during the drought.
IELTS Paraphrased Style:
water storage facility
stored water resource
artificial water body
👉 Reservoir levels declined → Stored water resources decreased
2. Shedding
Meaning: The process of losing or dropping something naturally.
Synonyms: losing, dropping, releasing, casting off
Example Sentence: Trees were shedding their leaves due to extreme heat.
IELTS Paraphrased Style:
losing
dropping
releasing
👉 Trees were shedding leaves → Vegetation was losing foliage
3. Withered
Meaning: Dried up or shrunk because of a lack of water.
Synonyms: dried, wilted, shrivelled, dehydrated
Example Sentence: Many crops withered after weeks without rainfall.
IELTS Paraphrased Style:
dried up
wilted
became dehydrated
👉 Withered crops → Dried-out agricultural produce
4. Barge
Meaning:A long, flat-bottomed boat used to carry goods on rivers.
Synonyms:cargo boat, freight vessel, river transport vessel
Example Sentence:Low river levels prevented barges from transporting goods.
IELTS Paraphrased Style:
inland shipping vessel
cargo transport boat
👉 Barges could not operate → River cargo vessels were unable to function
5. Giants
Meaning: Very large and powerful companies or organisations.
Synonyms: major corporations, industry leaders, large enterprises
Example Sentence: Energy giants reduced production during the crisis.
IELTS Paraphrased Style:
leading corporations
dominant companies
major industrial players
👉 Energy giants → Leading energy corporations
6. Fivefold
Meaning: Five times greater than before.
Synonyms: five times higher, quintupled, increased five times
Example Sentence: Water demand increased fivefold during summer.
IELTS Paraphrased Style:
rose five times
increased dramatically
grew significantly
👉 Increased fivefold → Rose five times compared to the previous period
7. Iconic
Meaning: Widely recognised and symbolically important.
Synonyms: famous, well-known, symbolic, internationally recognised
Example Sentence: Iconic European rivers reached record-low levels.
IELTS Paraphrased Style:
well-known
internationally recognized
historically significant
👉 Iconic landmarks → Well-known landmarks
8. Cope with
Meaning: To deal successfully with a difficult situation.
Synonyms: manage, handle, deal with, overcome
Example Sentence: Farmers struggled to cope with the water shortage.
IELTS Paraphrased Style:
manage
deal with
respond to
👉 Cope with the crisis → Manage the crisis effectively
9. Inescapable
Meaning: Impossible to avoid.
Synonyms: unavoidable, inevitable, certain
Example Sentence: The economic consequences were inescapable.
IELTS Paraphrased Style:
unavoidable
inevitable
impossible to prevent
👉 Inescapable effects → Unavoidable consequences
10. Prone Area
Meaning: A region that is likely to experience a particular problem.
Synonyms: vulnerable area, high-risk region, susceptible zone
Example Sentence: Southern Europe is a drought-prone area.
IELTS Paraphrased Style:
vulnerable region
high-risk area
susceptible region
👉 Flood-prone area → Area vulnerable to flooding
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